托福听力学习和考试时这3个问题如何应对

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托福听力学习和考试时这3个问题如何应对?实例分析找出解决方法

一、原文信息漏听

这是比较常见的一种错误原因，在听音过程中，由于种.种原因导致考点细节漏听，种.种原因可能包括：

1.听音基础不好，比如单词量少，语法差导致各种听不懂

2.由于听力材料语速较快，思路跟不上语速

3.由于外界干扰走神儿或者习惯性注意力不集中

解决方法

1.做听写、背单词、学语法提升基础听音能力

2.做跟读模仿提升信息处理速度

做连续听音练习提升听音耐力或做抗干扰练习，比如做听力时，同时播放英文电视广播等

二、选项中的单词不认识

选项中的单词不认识直接导致选项无法正常翻译理解。

举个例子：

Why does the professor discuss refugia? (Click on 2 answers)

A. To explain that the location of coralwithin a reef affects the coral's ability to survive

B. To point out why some coral species aremore susceptible to bleaching than others

C. To suggest that bleaching is not asdetrimental to coral health as first thought

D. To illustrate the importance of studyingcoral that has a low vulnerability of bleaching

这道题B选项中的susceptible，C选项中的detrimental，D选项中的vulnerability很多同学不认识，不知其意，所以在选择答案时出现困难。

解决方式

课后通过单词书大量积累词汇，做题时在文章中和选项中积累生词，形成自己的生词本。

三、选项翻译错误

由于对句子成分辨识不清，导致翻译出错。

举个例子：

What point do the speakersmake about the background of The Dreamer?

A. It is a good example ofBeaux's unusual style of brushstroke.

B.It resembles the backgrounds ofother Beaux portraits.

C.Its lack of clarity emphasizesthe theme of the painting.

D.It is meant to suggest thatthe woman is in a dark room.

这道题的正确答案为C，正确翻译是：缺少清晰度的背景强调了这幅画的主题

很多同学把这句话中的lack看成了谓语动词，翻译成：背景没有清晰的强调这幅画的主题，和正确的翻译截然相反，导致选错。

解决方法

仔细研究语法，确定好词性和句子成分。

2020托福听力练习：城市灯光欺骗树木

The Earth's temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of Exeter.

He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem.

"The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.

地球温度正在上升。因此，花儿头次盛开等春季现象的出现时间会越来越早。但是，不断升高的气温并不是仅此的影响因素。城市光污染同样加快了春天到来的脚步。“因此，在温度和光线的双重冲击下，一切都提早到来。”理查德·费伦奇·康斯坦特是英国埃克塞特大学的昆虫学家。

他和他的同事对英国公民科学家统计了13年的数据进行编制，这些科学家对四种常见树木进行追踪，观察它们首要次萌芽的时间。结果发现，城市及道路两边的路灯造成的光污染，会使树木的发芽时间提前整整一个星期。除此以外，不断上升的气温也会施加影响。这种破坏性的时机会对生态系统造成影响。

“以树木为食的毛毛虫正试图将自己的孵卵时间与树木的发芽时间相匹配。因为毛毛虫要以最多汁、最少受化学物质保护的树叶为食。不仅毛毛虫是这样，当然，这一点很重要。这种连锁反应体现在筑巢鸟类身上，它们试图在毛毛虫数量最多的时候孵化鸟蛋。”因此，提前发芽最终可能会影响鸟类的生存，甚至产生更加深远的影响。该项研究结果发表在《英国学会学报B》上。

世界越来越城市化，光污染的范围也在逐渐扩大，费伦奇·康斯坦特表示这种情况会欺骗树木，使其发芽的时间越来越早。但是LED这样的智能灯光会调低特定的波长，这可能会有所帮助。“也许令人感到兴奋的是，如果我们对灯光如何影响发芽有更多了解，我们也许能设计出发出更少红光的智能路灯，这样就可以使发芽时间少提前一些。”进而让春天呈现出实际的春天现象。

讲解：

1. contribute to 促成;促使;是导致…的原因之一;

例句：Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。

2. turn out 原来是;结果发现;

例句：I'm sure things will turn out all right in the end.

我确信最终一切都会好的。

3. at the same time 同时;

例句：The crash took place at the same time as he left.

就在他离开时，车祸发生了。

4. dial down 下调;降低;

例句：The retreating gasoline price helped to lift consumer spirits this month and dial down their inflation expectations.

本月汽油价格的回落提升了消费者信心，并降低了他们的通胀预期。

2020托福听力练习：公路噪音掩盖鸟类求救信号

It may not be the most melodious bit of birdsong you'll ever encounter. [Titmouse alarm call]. But this particular call, issued by a tufted titmouse, conveys important information about the presence of potential predators. But only if other birds can hear it.

Unfortunately, near a highway, traffic sounds can drown out such alarm calls. Scientists have long observed a decrease in wildlife populations in habitats adjacent to major roadways. And many figured it was the noise that drives creatures to hightail it someplace more remote. But it could be more than mere annoyance that keeps animals away. The inability to hear potentially life-saving calls could also be a factor. That's according to a study in the journal Biology Letters.

To test that theory, Aaron Grade and Kathryn Sieving at the University of Florida recorded that titmouse alarm call, produced by a captive individual that had spotted an owl. They then played this alarm call from speakers mounted in different locations in Florida state parks. Some of the spots were noisy, along Interstate 75 or U.S. Route 441. Others were more secluded and relatively quiet.

The scientists then observed the reactions of cardinals to these broadcasted declarations of danger. Because cardinals and other birds often eavesdrop on the talk of titmice for news of impending peril.

In the quiet areas, cardinals clearly responded to the titmouse alarms. They froze in place, stopped singing and scanned the area for predators. But in the noisy places, cardinals paid the warnings no heed and continued their regular activities.

It's not completely clear whether the cardinals could not hear the calls or if they were simply too distracted by the traffic to respond. Either way, looks like some birds should seek the road less traveled—or travel the regions less road-ed. Whereas hungry owls should hit the highway if they're looking to sneak up on an unexpecting snack.

(山雀的警报信号)可能不是你听过的最悦耳的鸟鸣声。但是这种由簇山雀发出的特殊呼叫，传递了重要的信息——可能存在捕食者。但前提是其他鸟类得能听到这一警报。

不幸的是，在高速公路附近，交通声音会淹没这种警报信号。经过长期观察，科学家发现栖息地靠近主干道的野生动物种群数量在减少。许多人认为正是这种噪音迫使动物们逃到了更偏远的地方。但使动物远离的可能不仅仅是打扰这一个因素。无法听到潜在的救命信号也可能是因素之一。这一研究结果刊登在《生物学快报》杂志上。

为了验证这一理论，佛罗里达大学的亚伦·格雷德和凯瑟琳·西温录下了簇山雀的警报信号，这是在它发现猫头鹰的时候发出的。然后他们用设置在佛罗里达州立公园不同地方的扬声器播放这一警报信号。75号州际公路和441号美国国道沿线的一些地点噪音很大。而其他地方则更加隐蔽且相对安静。

然后科学家观察了红雀对所播放危险信号的反应。因为红雀和其他鸟类为了得到即将到来危险的消息，经常偷听山雀的对话。

讲解：

1. drown out 盖过，淹没(声音);

例句：Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.

她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没。

2. eavesdrop on 偷听;窃听;

例句：It is not polite to eavesdrop on the conversation of other people.

偷听他人说话是很不礼貌的。

3. respond to 应对;作出回应;作出反应;

例句：The horse responds to the slightest pull on the rein.

只要缰绳稍稍一拉，这匹马就有反应。

4. either way (两种情况中)不论发生哪一种情况;

例句：Was it his fault or not? Either way, an explanation is due.

是他的错不是?无论是不是，都得有个解释。

5. sneak up on 偷偷地走近;偷偷地挨近;

例句：I managed to sneak up on him when you knocked on the door.

你敲门的时候，我设法悄悄靠近了他。

在安静的地方，红雀对山雀的警报信号做出了清晰的反应。它们僵在原地，停止歌唱，仔细查看周围的区域是否有捕食者出现。但是在吵闹的地区，红雀没有理会这种警报，继续正常活动。

目前并不完全清楚红雀是没有听到警报，还是仅仅是因交通而分心所以没有做出回应。无论怎样，看起来有些鸟类应该寻找旅客少的路段或者寻找公路少的区域生存。反之，饥饿的猫头鹰如果想偷偷靠近一个“点心”，应该到公路附近寻找觅食机会。

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