托福听力先打好这4项基础

托福听力考试和其它三个科目一样，都对考生的英语基础有很高的要求。今天小编给大家带来托福听力先打好这4项基础，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

【备考努力学习就会有回报】托福听力先打好这4项基础

一、词汇

对于提高托福听力成绩巩固基础首先的要求则是词汇。词汇学习目前已经是一个老生常谈的话题。考生必须要拥有至少5000左右的词汇量才行。

二、听懂单词

托福听力其实就是把一些阅读文章去报给学生听。因为英语对于中国的学习者来说完全就是一门外语了，如果在缺乏一定语言环境的情况下，大家往往是只能看得懂文章，但是完全听不懂的，所以要求考生在备考的时候必须要通过努力去做到听懂单词。

三、记笔记

再次就是记笔记了，在这里不用多说，其实对于那种程度特别好的学生而言是完全可以忽略。但是对于那种基础较差的学生而言，你们一定要让自己去尝试记下一些单词，特别是那些在文章中不断强调出现的关键性名词词组，当学生存在一些实在听不懂题目的时候，往往可以根据自己记下来的名词词组尝试进行推断做题。

四、做考前预测

最后，在托福听力考前超卓是去做一下考前预测，那些基础较为薄弱的学生普遍都会有一种投机心理。看看预测的话往往能够去大大的提高大家的自信心，这样大家做题的状态就会变得更好。

2020托福听力练习：抗嗝化合物减少奶牛甲烷排放

The global population is now nearly seven and a half billion.

And that's just humans.

Because our planet is also home to one-and-a-half-billion cows, another billion sheep, and a billion goats.

Their combined belches account for a full fifth of the world's methane emissions—and methane is about 30 times more potent at trapping heat than CO2.

But those methane emissions might get cut—by feeding the grazers something called 3-nitro oxypropanol.

"I can tell you, they like it.

No rejection at all."

Maik Kindermann, an organic chemist at DSM Nutritional Products in Switzerland.

Liking it, in the cow world, he says basically means they'll still gobble up their food, even with this stuff mixed in.

Kindermann's company developed the additive a few years back.

And it only targets those methane-belching microbes, while leaving the rest of the microbiome untouched.

The result?

A 30 percent decrease in methane emissions.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Kindermann says he thinks the compound could be a win-win for the planet—and the animals.

"You know the methane is kind of a waste product.

And this energy, instead of losing it for the animal, it can be reused for the animal in terms of performance, and at the same time we are doing something for greenhouse gas emission and climate change."

The product's not on the market yet—toxicology tests are ongoing.

But the hope is that it might take some of the heat off of beef.

现在全世界人口数量约是75亿。

但这只是人类的数量。

因为我们的地球也是15亿奶牛、10亿绵羊及10亿山羊的家园。

这些动物反刍所排放的甲烷总量约占世界总量的1/5—而同时甲烷吸收热量的能力约是二氧化碳的30倍。

但在这些食草动物被喂食名为3-nitrooxypropanol的抗嗝化合物后，甲烷的排放量正在减少。

“我可以告诉你，它们真的很喜欢这种化合物。

真的一点也不排斥。”

瑞士DSM营养产品的有机化学家马克·金德曼说道。

他表示奶牛们非常喜欢这种化合物，即使添加到食物中，奶牛们仍会狼吞虎咽。

金德曼的公司在几年前研发出这种添加剂。

这种添加剂会拦截动物体内的微生物生成产生甲烷至关重要的酶。

而3-nitrooxypropanol只针对生成甲烷的微生物，其他微生物则不受影响。

结果如何呢?

甲烷排放减少30%。

这项研究已经在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表。

金德曼认为这种化合物对地球和人类而言是一种双赢。

“甲烷是一种废物。

动物们可以再利用这种能源，而不是进行浪费，与此同时，我们在为温室气体排放及气候变化尽一份力。”

这款产品正在进行毒性试试，目前还未在市场上峰通。

但我们希望的是,能够减少牛肉的一些热量。

1.account for 对…负有责任

例句:Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.

计算机占去该国商业用电的5%。

2.get cut 减少

例句:If you are going to stand in front then it will get cut.

如果你站在植物前面就会被剪到。

3.at all 根本;简直

例句:I certainly don't remember talking to you at all.

我当然完全不记得和你讲过话。

4.mix in 混合

例句:Add the milk to the flour, and then mix in three eggs.

往面粉里加牛奶，再拌入3个鸡蛋。

2020托福听力练习：科学家扮成北极熊接近麝牛

"So I just don't approach, at least initially, a group of musk oxen."

Joel Berger, with the Wildlife Conservation Society and Colorado State University.

"What I do is to take into account other factors that might reflect their responses. And so what I need to know is something about the group size, whether or not males are in the group. I need to know something about snow depth, about snow penetration or how hard the snow is. And then I'll approach and try to understand whether they stay, whether they flee, whether they charge."

Oh, one more important point. When Berger approaches the musk oxen, on Russia's Wrangel Island north of the Arctic Circle, he's dressed up like a polar bear.

"I know the media has a good time when we dress up as animal models. Of course they do. But remember, two Nobel laureates, Conrad Lorentz and Niko Tinbergen, led the way for getting inside the minds of animals...and they've done this through innovative models."

Polar bears prefer seals for their meals. But the loss of sea ice is forcing them onto the land to hunt for prey that's usually not on their menu. The idea here is to gauge the response of musk oxen to this formerly rare threat.

"It's really tough to get inside the mind of a musk ox and especially to understand from mere anecdotes how they may respond in this emerging dynamic."

Berger works with Russian researchers on their side of the Bering Strait and with Americans in Alaska.

"We're currently in the process of evaluating more than 100 simulated interactions, some that include our three years of work in Alaska, as well as over on the Russian side...the last time I did something like this was about 15 years ago, to understand how moose and other species would respond to the new threat of wolves in and around the Yellowstone system."

Back then, Berger and his wife would get into a moose outfit to be able to get close to the ungulates. I wrote about that effort in 1997. You can find it by googling my name and Joel Berger—a man who's work really suits him. (That joke was unbearable.)

“我不会靠近，至少不会从一开始就靠近一群麝牛。”

乔尔·博格在野生动物保护协会和科罗拉多州立大学工作。

“我采取的方法是，把其他可能影响它们反应的因素都考虑进去。我需要知道麝牛群的规模，这群麝牛里是否有雄性麝牛。我还要了解积雪的深度、渗透性及硬度。之后我才会逐渐靠近它们，试图去了解它们是会留在原地，会逃走，还是会发动攻击。”

还有一个。博格在位于北极圈以北的俄罗斯弗兰格尔岛靠近麝牛时，他会打扮得像一只北极熊。

“我知道媒体看到我们打扮成动物的样子会很高兴。他们当然会高兴。不过要记住，指引我们去了解动物思想的是两位诺贝尔奖获得者——康拉德·洛伦兹和尼古拉斯·廷伯根，他们采用的就是创新模式。”

北极熊最爱吃海豹。但是海冰的减少迫使它们去陆地上捕食本不在它们捕食范围内的猎物。博格的目的是评估麝牛面对这种罕见威胁时的反应。

“了解麝牛的想法真的非常难，只凭轶事来了解他们会如何应对这种新出现的变化更难。”

博格同俄罗斯研究人员在白令海峡划分的俄罗斯境内一起工作，同美国研究人员在阿拉斯加工作。

“目前我们正在对100余个模拟交互作用进行评估，这其中包括阿拉斯加方面三年的工作成果，以及俄罗斯方面的成果，我上次做这种工作是在15年前，当时我研究的是驼鹿和其他物种如何应对黄石公园内部和周边狼群的威胁。”

那时，博格和他的妻子会穿上驼鹿装，以接近这一有蹄类哺乳动物。1997年时我曾写过有关那次研究的文章。听众可以用谷歌搜索我和博格的名字找到这篇文章，博格的工作真的很适合他。(这个玩笑很无聊)

讲解：

1. take into account 考虑到;把…计算在内;

例句：He will take into account my request.

他会考虑我的要求。

2. dress up 装扮;打扮;

例句：He often dresses up as a superman.

他经常把自己装扮成超人。

3. hunt for (人)打猎，猎杀;(动物)猎食;

例句：Davy liked to hunt for bears best of all.

大卫最喜欢猎熊了。

4. repond to 应对;作出回应;作出反应;

例句：A child's age affects the child how repond to the diaster.

孩子的年龄也会影响他们对灾难的反应。

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