初中英语总复习知识点大全
初中生都知道英语的重要性,所以熟练的掌握初中英语知识点是,下面小编整理了初中英语总复习知识点大全,供大家参考。
情态动词的特点
不能独立作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
情态动词主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not.
情态动词的特点:
①情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
②个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。
③情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。
注意:如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
一般现在时时代构成
(一)时态构成:
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则在动词原形后加-s或-es。
(二)时态的用法:
1、表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态和现阶段的习惯
常用的时间状语有:often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday 等。如:
He is always ready to help others.
The students have sports at five every afternoon.
Does he work hard?
2、表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理
Three plus two is five.
A plane is faster than a car.
China is in Asia.
Light travels faster than sound.
3、在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中
主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。如:
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
She’ll go to see him as soon as she arrives.
When they come, they’ll tell you something important.
4、在含宾语从句的复合句中
尽管主句用过去时态,但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理,从句谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.
5、表示已经安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态
一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。如:
My birthday falls on May 2.
The meeting is at 2:00 p.m.
His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m.
6、图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景动词常用一般现在时。如:
Scene 1 ( Mary and Miss Green are in the professor’s room-a large ,pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. )
7、几个由here, there 开头的句子
动词用一般现在时表示现在正在进行的动作。如:
There goes the bell. Let’s hurry.
Here comes the teacher.
宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
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